For the last two decades, reliance upon GPS/GNSS for positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) by civilian applications has been an overwhelming success, providing increasingly accurate and reliable PNT information everywhere for free. However, in recent years, malicious threats have emerged that exposed the Achilles heel of GPS/GNSS: Its weak power and unencrypted signal format leave it vulnerable to jamming and spoofing. The loss of PNT information can result in rare but catastrophic events, crippling critical infrastructure that is necessary for our survival.

Fortunately, there are many alternative technologies available to augment GPS and provide accurate and reliable PNT information even under extremely adverse conditions. These include:

• Low Earth Orbit (LEO) PNT satellite signals — operating close to the Earth, with signal strengths ~1000x stronger than GPS, to overcome jamming. And, encrypted to prevent spoofing.
• Miniaturized, affordable atomic clocks to provide precise time internally – which is the foundation of every positioning system — without connection to, or reliance on, outside sources which could corrupt the precision.
• Fiber optic network time distribution via secure, high accuracy protocols

Email Desmond at desmond0410e@gmailail.com for a copy of the White Paper for details